Regulation is the adjustment of the action mechanism to compensate for the effects of dimensional changes in wood, cloth, leather, and felt caused by wear and humidity fluctuation. Precise regulation accomplishes 3 goals:
optimal repetition (how many times can a note sound in one second)
enhanced power and control (very important in pianissimo play)
evenness of feel from note to note.
There are over 9,000 parts in an action which require adjustments to critical tolerances to be able to respond to a pianist’s every command.